NPSDs are among the principal sources of disability worldwide, yet there is still a lack of sufficient efficacy and target engagement of existing medications. The limitation is mainly associated with poor targeting capacity of pharmacotherapy and delays and incomplete responses in treatment. It is due to a considerable incongruity between systemic delivery methods and brain architecture characterized by specific features of its neurobiological organization.

This study considers the problem of drug delivery in the context of modern approaches to treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions. We discuss the use of nanotechnologies for targeted drug delivery in neuropsychiatry as both a scientific concept and a method. Preclinical and translational data regarding mechanisms of enhancement of drug bioavailability, regional targeting, and lowering systemic exposure are considered. Among limitations are potential neurotoxicity and uneven biodistribution. A shortage of randomized controlled trials also limits the possibilities for further research. The key idea is that nanotechnologies can provide an innovative approach to spatiotemporal drug delivery in the brain.